Understanding the Expanding Universe: Multiverse Theory and Dark Energy

Understanding the Expanding Universe

  Expanding Universe , thinking about this phrase often brings a question in our mind that how is it suppose to be or how is it possible and if it is a fact then how do we come to know. In this article i shall conclude some of these concepts and try my best to answer all this questions in depth.

 The Multiverse

According to Strings Theory (the most acceptable theory of Modern Physics) universe is not a single entity, in fact it is Multiverse. It means there are other universes beyond our universe, just like several bubbles floating in air where each bubble can be considered as a universe. The bubble is expanding continuously. The Big Bang is actually division of a bubble into two or vice versa.

How Do We Know the Universe is Expanding?

Before answering that, let me enlighten you with the basic concept of Light. Light is an electromagnetic wave having seven sections varying with respect to wavelength. Gamma ray, X-ray, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Microwave and Radio wave are the sections, where Gamma is of shortest while Radio wave has largest wavelength. Only visible portions of light are visible to the unaided eye. All the colors are the further section of visible light. Color is just an illusion created by our own brain to differentiate different wavelength sections of visible light. The concept of VIBGYOR explains visible light. It represent seven colors i.e. Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red. Violet is of shortest and Red is of largest wavelength. 

Now come to the question, the main reason how we come to know that universe is expanding is Doppler Effect. According to this concept:

"The wavelength of a wave expands when source is moving away from a stationery observer and compress when moving toward the observer above a certain velocity."

According to study, light wave from star reaching toward earth has wavelength expanded to Red Color. This is called RedShift. This indicates that light appears to be red in color. As red is of largest wavelength which shows that the wavelength of light from the source expands. This phenomenon shows that, in accordance with the Doppler effect, all cosmic bodies are traveling away from us. Hence the universe is expanding.

The Energy Source Behind the Expansion

The reason behind this is still unclear but the most acceptable theory is Theory of Dark Energy. . Our universe consists of roughly 5% ordinary matter, while the rest is Dark Matter and Dark Energy.

Dark Energy:

 A theoretical form of energy that permeates all space and accelerates the expansion of the universe. Its properties and exact nature are still mysterious.

Dark Matter:

 Initially theorized by Einstein through the cosmological constant (Lambda), dark matter is another theoretical entity that, alongside dark energy, is believed to influence the universe’s structure and expansion.

 Hypotheses about Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Energy Fluid Hypothesis:

Some scientists proposed that it is a type of energy fluid which fills up the cosmos. Unlike the ordinary matter it is independent to time and space and vary with respect to amount and distribution without any limitation of time and space. That is the reason it can accelerate the universe above the speed of light.

 Higher Dimensional Matter:

Another hypothesis suggests that dark matter exists in higher dimensions, making it undetectable in our three-dimensional space.

Flaw in Einstein’s Theory:

There is also a possibility that Dark matter can only be a flaw in Einstein Theory. It is because many scientists believe that till now Man's Physics don't have that single equation which can tuck the whole universe from quark to stars.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, while much about the expanding universe, dark matter, and dark energy remains theoretical and mysterious, ongoing research continues to unveil new insights.